Symptoms of brown root rot disease are similar to those caused by many root rot pathogens: For More Information: "On-line Rubber Clinics", R.R.I, Kottayam, India Syndrome characterized by prolonged dripping of latex with the gradual decline in volume yield, pre coagulation of latex and partial or complete drying of tapping area (10-25 per cent). The fungus survives in nurseries, self-sown seedlings, and in immature leaves of the shaded canopy. Causative agent: Phytophthora meadii McRae. Frequent tree to tree inspection should be done during July – September period for detecting the infected trees and application of Bordeaux paste in the early stages upto 30 cm above and below the affected region. Pink disease The fungus, Thielaviopsis paradoxa is the causal agent of the disease. Terms like IPM (Integrated Pest Management and IDM (Integrated Disease Management) have different meanings. Crude oil is the primary raw material used in the production of synthetic rubber. Economically Important Leaf Diseases of Rubber, No public clipboards found for this slide. Repeated sprayings with Bordeaux mixture 1% or Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 0.2%. the rubber trees … When the fungicide dries up apply wound dressing compound. Spray fish oil rosin-soap 25 g/lit. Lecture 4.Diseases of Grapes. Palmyrah 228 In South India, the annual yield of rubber is 375 kg/ha from seedlings trees, whereas budded plants yield 800 - 1000 kg/ha. When severe infestation is noticed, spray Organophosphorus insecticides like malathion 50 EC 2 ml/lit. Young plants dry up due to attack. total area under vanilla cultivation in the world during 2008 was 82,098 ha (FAO, 2009). Soil and climate Scrape out the fructifications. Lecture 5.Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. aggravates the disease. Their greatest impact is associated with the disease mealy bug wilt of pineapple (MW) (Rohrbach et al., 1988). Diseases Root rot:Soil drenching with Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit or Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 0.75 g/litre or Difenoconazole @ 0.5ml/l Leaf spot: Foliar application of Mancozeb @ 2.5g/l or Azoxystrobin @ 1g/l Chrysanthemum mosaic disease 1. In this context, the TNAU under the dynamic leadership of the Vice Chancellor, Director of Research and other technical directors, the ... technology capsule for pests and diseases management, labour saving farm machineries and ... Rubber 207 vi. It is caused by the fungus Phellinus noxius. Search for: diseases of wheat tnau. Symptoms often appear on one section of the plant. Lecture 7.Diseases of Apple . The sap flows from the trees once a piece of the bark is removed. Crop Pests and Diseases. Aftercultivation It is expressed by a deterioration of the cortical tissues on the level of which are located in the conducting latex tissues. Management: Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with chlorpyriphos 0.1% solution. Brown root disease Open up the root system. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Completely killed and dried roots may be traced and pruned. Regions prone to heavy winds should be avoided. Freshly planted rubber trees remain healthy until their roots come into contact with pieces of diseased root. Scrape out the fructifications. Partially affected and healthy roots washed withfungicide Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Patch canker or Bark cankers Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Crop: Rubber, Scientific Name: Hevea brasiliensis, Family: Euphorbiaceae. They may infest developing plants and fruit, thereby becoming serious pests to the crop, reducing fruit quality and quantity by infuencing plant development (Carter, 1933). Apply 10:10:4:1.5 NPK andMg as per schedule given below: Apply 400 kg of mixture/ha in 2 doses, once in April/May and another in September/October from the 5th year till the tree is ready for tapping. Planting: Pit size of 1 m3 are dug and filled up with top soil and compost. Ethrel is recommended to increase latex yield of trees. raw material for fruit and vegetable-processing plants, hence becomes a solution to Minimum and maximum temperature should be ranged from 25 to 34°C with 80 % relative humidity is ideal for cultivation. Dusting during the defoliation period commencing from the bud break in about 10% of the trees, giving 3 to 5 rounds at weekly to fortnightly intervals before 10.00 a.m. using 11 to 14 kg 325 mesh fine Sulphur dust per round per ha. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. 5. RUBBER Tropical climate with annual rainfall of 2000 – 4500 mm is suited for cultivation. The increase in growth cracks on the trunk, severe summer followed by sudden wetting, imbalanced nutrition, excessive salinity, etc. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. 3) Forestry – Deals with production of large scale cultivation of perennial trees for supplying wood, timber, rubber, etc. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. months and rested for the next 4 months. Tapping panel dryness (Brown bast) Scale insect Lecture 6.Diseases of Guava . Cuttings should be obtained from virus – free indexed stocks. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Oil Palm 225 ix. starting right at the grafting point situated in the transition zone between the trunk and the roots, the collar. Mundakkayam: Production of natural rubber in Kerala, India’s largest rubber producer, declined sharply due to the abnormal leaf fall disease. The symptoms appear as loss of shiny appearance of leaves drooping, yellowing and buckling (curving) of leaflets and … Healthy ones are retained and It is observed during the monsoon period. Infected plants first develop a dull green color, eventually wilt and turn straw-color. 5. Abnormal leaf fall Symptoms. Diseases of Field Crops and Their Management Author TNAU, Tamil Nadu . Release Austalian lady bird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10/tree. Refill the soil and drench the base with fungicide solution. Caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, southern blight is an easily preventable moisture-related... Crown Gall. The trees can be tapped for their latex sap once they have reach six years of age. (half spiral, alternate day for 6 months and rested for 3 months), (half spiral, daily for one month and rested for next Provide shade in nursery. 1. Euphorbiaceae, Varieties Diseases; Parasitic and non-parasitic maladies; Bee Keeping in rubber plantations; Diseases. Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Leaf spot When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. Pests Mealy bug stripes appear in plants because of their GROUP : E. Causative agent: Oidium heveae Powdery mildew is the most widespread cause of the diseased condition of rubber known as secondary leaf fall (SLF). IARI Toppers Provides Agriculture Notes,ICAR E Course Notes,JRF Notes,IBPS AFO,E krishi Shiksha,TNAU Notes,ANGRAU Notes,Agriculture Jobs Update,JRF Mock Test,JRF Old Exam Paper for agronomy horticulture,plant science,agriculture statistics,soil science,social science,icar ecourse pdf download,best agriculture books etc Symptoms: Termites feeds on the dead bark of trees and young plants and build covered passageways of soil on the tapping panel and collection cup. Prune off and burn the dried up branches after disinfecting by Bordeaux spraying. Dry rot, Stump rot, Collar rot or Charcoal rot Control There are two types of rubber, natural rubber from rubber trees and synthetic rubber made by using petrochemicals. It is one of the highly common diseases seen in rubber trees. Add 10 kg commercial Magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency. Avoid accumulation of rubber at the base of the trees. The stem with brown bark is affected anywhere from the base to branches. Spacing: Seedling stumps – 23 x 23 cm, 30 x 30 cm and 34 x 20 cm Ethrel treatment In man's continued effort to enhance food production, new high yielding crop varieties and new techniques for crop and field management are being constantly evolved resulting in a parallel increase in disease occurrence which calls for their efficient management. Manuring: Basal -2.5 t/ha of FYM and 350kg/ha of Rock Phosphate. Season Bird's eye spot Bud wood nursery – 60 x 90 cm or 60 x 120 cm. Crown gall is a bacterial infection affecting the roots and stems of rubber trees, caused by a bacteria... Xanthomonas Leaf Spot. Two rounds of spray using about 17 to 22 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha per round (1:6 proportion) at 10 to 15 days interval (or) a single round of spray with about 30 - 37 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha (1:5 proportion). For immature rubber trees at pre-tapping stage The major symptoms of the disease in leaves are wilting and drooping and flaccidity; ribbing, paling/yellowing and necrosis of leaflets are typical symptoms of foliar diseases. In situ sowing: Germinated seeds are sown in situ in the pits. The diseases persist in the soil on infected dead roots. Manuring Working out cost of cultivation and economics. Urea @550 kg /ha -3 to 3.5 months. It is applied at 5% a.i. Growing of cover crops, incorporation of cover crops and weeding are important operations. When it affects the rubber tree, you can see small oozing spots appearing around the leaves. Pink disease is the most serious stem disease of affecting mainly the young rubber trees. 2) Horticulture - Deals with the production of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, spices, condiments and beverages. A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in Africa. Lecture 2.Diseases of Mango. June – July is optimum for cultivation. Cockchafer grub The most serious diseases of rubber are root diseases which are caused by fungi that attack and eventually kill the roots. Method of propagation Stump budding – 60 x 60 cm Regulatory methods : - Plant quarantine a. and also raw materials for … Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% Mancozeb, or 0.1% Carbendazim at fortnightly intervals. c. Propagation and dissemination of specific bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan diseases. Book Detail: Language: English Pages: 172 Author: TNAU Price: Free . Rubber yield steeply increases year by year, reaching a peak after 14 years of planting. Uses of the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Natural rubber is used in the production of tires. Diseases & Pests of the Rubber Tree Southern Blight. When the fungicide dries up, a thin coating with a wound dressing compound may be given. At the start, it grows and surrounded by yellow discolorations. Reduce tapping intensity or give a tapping rest for 3 to 12 months. Genetic methods : - Use of sterile male technique 6. Mites COURSE OUTLINE: Disease of Horticultural Crops & Their Management. Mean percent disease incidence of coconut from 2008 –2013 S. No District Number of villages surveyed Mean percent disease incidence from 2008 to 2013 Basal stem rot Stem bleeding Bud rot Grey leaf spot 1 East Godavari 57 13.82 3.49 1.93 Traces 2 West Godavari 15 11.42 4.94 2.12 Traces Foreign quarantine b. Horticulture :: Plantation Crops :: Rubber, Arasu Rubber Corporation Ltd, Government of Tamil Nadu. the diseases. BARK NECROSIS(BN) The necrosis of the rubber tree is an affection of the stem. However, continuous application of Ethrel is not recommended for periods of more than 3 years at a stretch. These trees widely found in the Amazon and bring profit to many indigenous tribes. Wettable sulphur (1 kg in 4000 lit of water) is also effective in nurseries and for young plants as a spray. Secondary leaf fall Diseases COMMON PESTS & DISEASES Matured rubber trees under tapping Powdery mildew Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Xanthomonas leaf spot is caused due to a bacteria named Xanthomonascampestris. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopagonium muconoides, Centrosema pubescens and Desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops. Apply 12 kg of compost or FYM and 120 g of rock phosphate in each pit before planting. Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops-: Course content creator :-Dr. V. B. Sanath Kumar Associate Professor & Programme co-ordinator KVK, VC Farm, Mandya e-mail: sana_path@rediffmail.com Sulphur dust can be mixed with talc in the proportion of 7:3. When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. "Vast swathes of rubber trees have already been lost to the Fusicoccum pathogen, and more losses are due until a concrete solution is found to combat this dilapidating disease," Muruganathan wrote. Propagated by green budding, brown budding and crown budding. Lecture 3.Diseases of Banana. There has been a … Domestic quarantine 7. Prophylactic spraying on the foliage prior to the onset of South-West monsoon with, Bordeaux mixture 1% at 4000 - 5000 lit/ha using high volume sprayers. Oil based Copper oxy chloride using low volume sprayer or through aerial application. The progress of the disease was faster during July to November. Mealy bug Arecanut 223 viii. rubber, oil, gum, dyes, chemicals etc. The first application may be done after a drought period preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers and subsequent applications may be done in September and November. concentration with a brush below the tapping cut to a width of 5 cm after light scraping of the outer bark. The control measures suggested for abnormal leaf fall will check this disease also. 2. Tjir 1, PB 86, BD 5, BD 10, PR 17, GT 1, RRII 105, RRIM 600, PB 28/59, PB 217, PB 235, RRIM 703, RRII 5, PCK-1, 2 and PB 260. Dr. Andre Oliveira, Head of Crop Protection Development APAC Syngenta said that “Syngenta would be delighted to furthering their research work in association with the TNAU considering the expertise & pragmatic approach, on sustainable crop solutions through innovative labor saving formulation technologies & good agricultural practices to deliver value for farmers in India. heart-disease, LDL oxidation, immune-system, diabetes, cancer Fiber most fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, cooked dry beans and peas diabetes, heart disease Folate ... of other industries e.g. Lecture 8. Nursery: Bed size: 60-120 cm width and of convenient length. Chemical methods : - Use of attractants - Use of repellants - … A fungal disease declared as a quarantine pest •Sclerotium collar rot(Sclerotium rolfsii) Nursery disease spread due to mal practices •Foot Canker & Sudden wilt (Nattrassia mangiferae) Secondary infection on cracks resulted due to heat injury Abnormal leaf fall. Brown root disease It is the major root disease of rubber in India. It occurs in most of the rubber growing countries. Seedling Nursery: Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Open up the root system. Brown root disease Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Coconut 212 vii. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg.) Lecture 1.Diseases of Citrus. Termite (White ant) If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. For matured rubber trees under tapping apply NPK 10:10:10 grade mixtures at the rate of 900 g/tree (300 kg/ha) every year in two split doses. It makes the leaves turn yellow and die. Rubber trees are large trees that have a milky white sap that is known as latex. Affected bark and wood show black lines. Give balanced manuring to increase tree vigour. Plant protection OF The affected region may be scraped to remove all the rooting bark and the coagulated rubber and the wound washed well with Dithane M 45 @ 0.75 %. In advanced cases apply Bordeaux paste and when it dries up scrape off the superficial mycelium and damaged bark and apply Bordeaux paste once again. the others removed. 1.5 – 2 months after planting –10:10:4:1.5 NPKMg mixture -2500 kg/ha. dianthi) Vascular wilt is the most troublesome disease of carnation. Budded stumps – 30 x 30 cm You can change your ad preferences anytime. Yield Drench soil at the base of plants in the affected area with the solution of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Spray Sulphur 50 WP at 2 g/lit or spray Dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/lit. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. It is leading to the cessation of latex production, showed differences in latex biochemical characteristics, attacks the tree vascular tissues. Manuring Wet weather and high relative humidity are favourable for disease development. It is most pronounced during the refoliation period (February-March). It requires deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 and highly deficient in available phosphorous. December 13, 2020 Uncategorized Uncategorized Avoid accumulation of rubber at the base of the trees. Disease management Vascular wilt (F.oxysporum f.sp. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. When mulch is present, spray the mulch also (Provisional recommendation). month), Half circumstances and cut alternate day for 12 Affected bark and wood show black lines. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details 1 kg in 4000 lit of water ) is also in! Seen in rubber plantations ; diseases LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to you... 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Years of planting peak after 14 years of age plants as a spray Organophosphorus insecticides malathion.
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