The technique used by the Armed Forces or any other government branch in the U.S. has proven to be effective in getting people to talk much sooner. Further, as previously described, during at least one waterboard session, Abu Zubaydah “became completely unresponsive, with bubbles rising through his open, full mouth.” (page 423), The report also called into question the agency’s collection of “unique” information from detainees using these interrogation methods. Justin Scuiletti is the digital video producer at PBS NewsHour. The road to torture: How the CIA's "enhanced interrogation techniques” became legal after 9/11 The CIA’s torture techniques—10 in total—increased in severity as one went down the list They’re often used in the fight against terrorism. Learn why enhanced interrogation techniques may be counterproductive, leading to misleading or false confessions. (page 213). mFuA���w/��(����V���Յ ,*fh0X1�l�}�����kxu e���a �9�X@F1���݃�;��e`d0 ���� Justin Scuiletti. Enhanced interrogation techniques are techniques including walling, sleep deprivation, and waterboarding. Jan 10 (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Report Executive Summary — Page 3), The use of sleep deprivation was described to involve the forcing of detainees to remain awake for upwards of 180 hours, all while standing or in stressful positions; sometimes shackled. Subscribe to Here’s the Deal, our politics newsletter for analysis you won’t find anywhere else. For examples, the report returns to the cases of Zubaydah and KSM. The psychologist credited with devising the C.I.A. In 1963, the Central Intelligence Agency compiled the historical understanding of such non-invasive interrogation techniques into a how-to guide titled KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation, informally known as the KUBARK manual. The […] The SSCI report is the most comprehensive review ever conducted of the CIA Detention and Interrogation Program and is significant as it abolishes … The CIA, the report also alleges, purposely omitted the amount of relevant information gained from other methods outside those interrogations, giving the “false impression the CIA was acquiring unique information from the use of the techniques.”, An example given, purportedly drawing from CIA records, says that seven of 39 detainees that were known to have been subjected to the enhanced interrogation techniques from the agency but “produced no intelligence while in CIA custody.” The report stated that several detainees “provided significant accurate intelligence prior to, or without having been subjected to these techniques.”. The Central Intelligence Agency’s use of “enhanced interrogation techniques” was “not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or gaining cooperation from detainees,” a Senate report claims. Throughout the period during which KSM was subjected to the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques, KSM provided inaccurate information, much of which he would later acknowledge was fabricated and recant. Three types of enhanced interrogation may make sources more likely to give false information, according to research: sleep deprivation, social isolation and intense interrogator pressure. Here’s an example of how the interrogation program actually worked to disrupt terrorist plotting. h�b```�L�cB cb�EH�__:i��@x Details of harsh interrogation techniques used by the CIA on suspected terrorists have been made public by the US Senate Intelligence Committee. Khan, after 56 hours of standing sleep deprivation, could barely enunciate and was “visibly shaken by his hallucinations depicting dogs mauling and killing his sons and family.”. The report on the CIA’s use of interrogation, released by the Senate Intelligence Committee Tuesday, went into detail about several of the methods used. KSM then led us to Riduan Isamuddin, aka Hambali, East Asia’s chief al Qaeda ally and the perpetrator of the 2002 Bali bombing in Indonesia—in which more than 200 people perished. Hundreds, if not thousands, of lives may have been spared as a result. The removal of these senior al Qaeda operatives saved thousands of lives because it ended their plotting. For Zubaydah, information allegedly gained from the enhanced techniques, including the identification of KSM as the mastermind of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, are instead attributed by the report to interrogations conducted before the use of the enhanced interrogation: According to CIA records, Abu Zubaydah provided information on “al-Qa’ida activities, plans, capabilities, and relationships,” in addition to information on “its leadership structure, including personalities, decision-making processes, training, and tactics.” This type of information was provided by Abu Zubaydah prior to, during, and after the use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques. The CIA's use of its enhanced interrogation techniques was not an effective means of acquiring intelligence or gaining cooperation from detainees. On the substantive level, there is the question of the efficacy of enhanced interrogation techniques. 0 Interrogation techniques such as slaps and “wallings” (slamming detainees against a wall) were used in combination, frequently concurrent with sleep deprivation and nudity. According to Carle, enhanced interrogation techniques have similar effects. Watch Senate Intelligence Committee Report on CIA Interrogation, Left: Yes, Minister: Massive power outage leaves Pakistan in the dark, Indonesian divers find parts of plane wreckage in Java Sea, 2nd GOP senator now urges Trump to resign over Capitol riot, Anti-abortion faith leaders support use of COVID-19 vaccines, Trump pressured Georgia to ‘find the fraud’ in earlier call, Queen Elizabeth II and husband receive COVID-19 vaccinations. %PDF-1.6 %���� The administration adopted the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 to address the multitude of incidents of detainee abuse. Former US President George W … Waterboarding, the effect of which is described as inducing the sensation of drowning, was noted to have resulted instead in a “series of near drownings” when used on Abu Zubaydah and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, referred to here as “KSM”: According to CIA records, Abu Zubaydah’s waterboarding sessions “resulted in immediate fluid intake and involuntary leg, chest and arm spasms” and “hysterical pleas.” A medical officer who oversaw the interrogation of KSM stated that the waterboard technique had evolved beyond the “sensation of drowning” to what he described as a “series of near drownings.” Physical reactions to waterboarding did not necessarily end when the application of water was discontinued, as both Abu Zubaydah and KSM vomited after being subjected to the waterboard. 954 0 obj <>stream The CIA repeatedly used a subsection of a 2004 CIA Inspector General report titled “Effectiveness” as evidence that enhanced interrogation methods were effective. Considering the nature of terrorists, most who are willing to die to serve their purpose, it is necessary to use unique and enhanced methods of getting information out of them. 929 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[915 40]/Info 914 0 R/Length 86/Prev 747618/Root 916 0 R/Size 955/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream �$Ǥ ħ��;�-��[ĺ����_�mY���8��8sx����,��:�|jht��A]g��|*=n�0KQ�qb7�Ӷ�)r;��Hxl;��)vC�Q��-�/�:-'%�&J'lbҔ�f� �t�A��m6�h�X�Dž�-9�L��� zr��vjI�t�9�/� ��p�&����CCG�DG�������A�@�(��� �"҂a(R�����`����� ;���3��q � The article claims that without the use of the enhanced interrogation techniques on Abu Zubaydah and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed would never have been captured. All Rights Reserved. James Mitchell, a psychologist who served 22 years in the U.S. Air Force and who helped develop the CIA’s post-9/11 enhanced interrogation program, … In a statement released Tuesday, CIA Director John Brennan said that, though the CIA found some common ground with the report’s findings, the agency did not agree on several points. In addition to the supposed ineffectiveness of waterboarding on Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the report also alleges that KSM gave inaccurate statements to interrogators because of the enhanced interrogation: The CIA repeatedly represented that KSM had “recanted little of the information” he had provided, and that KSM’s information was “generally accurate” and “consistent.” This assertion is not supported by CIA records. Enhanced Interrogation Techniques in 2003 As we move forward, it’s important to not allow the torture issue to harm the reputation, and thus the effectiveness, of the C.I.A. The opponents of enhanced interrogation will affix the term to American practices in order to discredit them. At no point during or after the use of the CIA’s enhanced interrogation techniques did Abu Zubaydah provide information on al-Qa’ida cells in the United States or operational plans for terrorist attacks against the United States. KSM was waterboarded by CIA interrogators in what the report describes as a "series of near drownings". Enhanced interrogations are illegal, or at least they are morally abhorrent. h�bbd```b``>"k�d:�dU �LA$�Fi.$_-�L[��@�8#�t�� ��Om6#�Hhޠ �3�{ ` /a ? Where Hayden stated that waterboarding was successful in retrieving information from Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, records state that CIA personnel even believed that the use of waterboarding on KSM was “ineffective” claiming that one of his interrogators suggested that non-confrontational approaches had been much more successful. Records do not support CIA representations that the CIA initially used an “an open, non- threatening approach,” or that interrogations began with the “least coercive technique possible” and escalated to more coercive techniques only as necessary. WATCH: Trump directs protesters to march to the U.S. Capitol ahead of count of Electoral College votes, Watch h��Wmo�6�+����/�7�`�e �vC�5}Pc��H��nͿ�%Z��r�O�gޝx$���g�y%��[� ������V3!�B�0�2,�\� �� �18�\��O��I\�I�A. Without using the interrogation program on KSM, they also claim, further al Qaida associates would not have been apprehended: A powerful example of the interrogation program’s importance is the information obtained from Abu Zubaydah, a senior al Qaeda operative, and from Khalid Sheikh Muhammed, known as KSM, the 9/11 mastermind. Enhanced interrogation techniques or alternative set of procedures were terms adopted by the George W. Bush administration in the United States to describe interrogation methods used by US military intelligence and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to extract information from individuals captured in the “War on Terror” after the September 11 attacks in 2001. He then divulged information about a second wave of attacks. The psychologist credited with devising the C.I.A. No amount of efficacy can justify taking these illegal and immoral actions. Without revealing to KSM that Hambali had been captured, we asked him who might take over in the event that Hambali was no longer around. President Bush stated "The United States of America does not torture. The report described many of the interrogations that used these techniques as “brutal” and said there was no evidence of the agency first attempting alternative, “non-threatening” approaches before resorting to them: Beginning with the CIA’s first detainee, Abu Zubaydah, and continuing with numerous others, the CIA applied its enhanced interrogation techniques with significant repetition for days or weeks at a time. Ability to Quickly Acquire High Value Information. Here’s how it feels when COVID-19 symptoms last for months, Read And that's important for people around the world to understand." While government officials have argued that "enhanced interrogation techniques" are necessary to protect American citizens, the effectiveness … “Not only are torture methods ineffective, they harm future effectiveness of any techniques because they harm US reputation. “The intelligence gained from the program was critical to our understanding of al Qaida and continues to inform our counterterrorism efforts to this day.”. © 1996 - 2021 NewsHour Productions LLC. The U.S. military used the “Our review indicates that interrogations of detainees on whom EITs were used did produce intelligence that helped thwart attack plans, capture terrorists, and save lives,” the statement said. In the few instances where his reporting was unique and plausible, we cannot verify or refute the information… he has been sketchy on some aspects of the 9/11 plot, perhaps in order to downplay his role in the plot. endstream endobj startxref (page 208). ... D.C., many national-security hawks are quietly reevaluating their position on the use of the so-called "enhanced interrogation … His information on individuals is non specific; he has given us nothing on the Saudi hijackers or others who played a role… The overall quality of his reporting has steadily declined since 2003.” (page 80), Several have disputed the Senate Intelligence Committee’s claims that the techniques were ineffective. Thank you. Many notable thinkers are, and will continue to … Former CIA directors George Tenet, Porter Goss and Michael Hayden and former CIA Deputy Directors John McLaughlin, Albert Calland and Stephen Kappes — writing in The Wall Street Journal — said that the program led to the capture of senior al Qaida operatives, disrupted several terrorist plots and added to the overall knowledge of how al Qaida operates. Dan Rather on the Capitol attack, the state of our nation and ‘What Unites Us’, Read • Enhanced interrogation destroys reputation of CIA, making Americans less safe. Information from both Zubaydah and al-Shibh led us to KSM. Sadly, even defenders of these valuable procedures have allowed themselves to … Khalid Sheikh Mohammed refused to talk until the techniques were applied. %%EOF This is despite a recent US government report concluding that the use of such “enhanced interrogation” by the CIA was ineffective. More generally, the effectiveness of enhanced interrogations misses the point. 11 months ago. Here’s why it matters, Watch I’m going to go along with Dick Cheney who is a serious man interested in the safety of American citizens. Techniques that have proven to be effective, compared to “enhanced techniques”, are learning about the detainees’ motivation, learning about their culture and gaining their trust. Here’s why it matters, Dan Rather on the Capitol attack, the state of our nation and ‘What Unites Us’, Here’s how it feels when COVID-19 symptoms last for months, WATCH: Trump directs protesters to march to the U.S. Capitol ahead of count of Electoral College votes, Capitol riot: The ‘third world’ trope offends, misreads history, Oaths questioned as Trump’s backers fight against loss, EXPLAINER: Can social media companies boot Trump? https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/enhanced-interrogation-techniques-ineffective, There’s an ongoing battle of words to describe Jan 6, 2021. Claims about effectiveness of enhanced interrogations are … KSM pointed to Hambali’s brother Rusman Gunawan. CIA personnel — including members of KSM’s interrogation team — believed that the waterboard interrogation technique was ineffective on KSM. 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